Sunday, April 27, 2014

Personal Protective Equipments






Applying Solution



Preparation

Apparatus and Equipments

Spray applicator or clean sponge
Personal protective equipments (safety goggles, gloves, respiratory protection and working clothes)

Materials





Application

For application to uncut leather or unstitched pieces of leather:
1.
Fill spray applicator with MPH C6.2® solution or MPH C6.4® solution.
2.
Spray on flesh side of leather until moist.
3.
Let leather dry on a rack before cutting.


For application to stitched pieces of leather or finished products:
1.
Fill spray applicator or pour small amount of MPH C6.2® or MPH C6.4® solution into a clean bowl.
2.
Thoroughly spray or use sponge with light pressure to apply on affected materials until liquid is absorbed.
3.
Let product dry before packing.

Chromium

What is Chromium (VI)?

Chromium is a metallic element found in rocks, soils, plants and animals. It occurs in combination with other elements as chromium salts, some of which are water-soluble. Chromium is found in three forms: Chromium (0), Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI).

Chromium (III) occurs naturally in many fresh vegetables, fruits, meat, grains and yeast. Chromium (III) is an essential nutrient that helps the body use sugar, protein and fat. Chromium (VI) compounds have no taste or odor but are the most poisonous form of Chromium and are classified as carcinogenic.


Saturday, April 26, 2014

Basic design and operation principles of the Wastewater Gardens® system

     The system works by a gravity flow of wastewater from toilets, showers, and kitchens into a properly designed and sealed septic tanks and then into the specially engineered subsurface flow wetland cell which keeps the wastewater below the surface of the gravel, preventing odor and eliminating the risk of human contact with the sewage. The system normally consists of three wastewater treatment phases. First one is taking place in septic tank equipped with special filter, where anaerobic bacteria commence a biological breakdown of the waste, and solids settle out to the bottom of the tank.

Monday, April 7, 2014

Top 10 Qualities of a Great Fashion Designer

Top 10 Qualities of a Great Fashion Designer
The fashion industry is exploding and everyone, it seems, is vying for a part in the action. To get ahead in the business and sit with the ranks of Ralph Lauren and Calvin Klein, you as an aspiring designer should have some of the same qualities as the world’s top designers. Here are some of the qualities you'll need to succeed as a designer:
  1. Strong Business Sense
    A great fashion designer has excellent business skills. You understand budgets, marketing, and sales concepts that are vital to getting designs produced and sold.
  2. Good Communication
    A number of people are involved in the creation of a garment, and as designer, you must be able to effectively communicate to everyone involved what he or she expects.
  3. Sense of Competition
    You continually strive to do better than your peers to come up with quality innovative designs quickly.
  4. Highly Creative
    You have a great sense of style and are constantly coming up with new ideas for fashions.
  5. Strong Drawing Skills
    Excellent drawing skills mean you can easily sketch your ideas onto paper to start the production process.
  6. Good Eye for Materials
    You have an eye for the materials of a garment, as well as the elements that make it unique, such as color and fabric.
  7. Strong Sewing Skills
    You can construct the garments you design. You understand what materials work best in the designs you are developing.
  8. Team Player
    Great fashion designers work well as part of a team. Designing a garment for production involves the work of many, from pattern making to sewing to shipping. As designer, you must be able to work well with all involved.
  9. Knowledgeable of Current Fashion Trends
    You follows trends and have a good eye for anticipating what your audience will respond to next.
  10. Strong Visualization Abilities
    Good fashion designers can visualize a garment before ever putting an idea on paper. You can see the finished product well before production and can put your ideas into words and onto paper so others can grasp the idea as well.

High Confidence Level

Fashion designers typically need a high level of personal confidence. The fashion industry is very cutthroat. It takes confidence to present your original work to an employer, retail buyers and the marketplace. You must have faith that all of these stakeholders accept your creations as fashionable and desirable. You may also face rejection multiple times in the process of working your way into a fashion design career. Your name and personal brand are integral to long-term success, but it takes time to develop a reputation.

Artistic and Creative

Fashion designers are clothing or apparel artists. They do much more than simply weave together pieces of fabric into a singular article of clothing. Designers must have a flair for trends, a distinct style and an understanding of how and why people buy certain types of clothes, accessories or shoes. Combining market awareness with a distinctive style, fashion designers can more effectively create differentiated brands.

Quick Thinking

While some fashion designers work independently, many lead a team that designs, develops and produces. In some cases, the designer must make decisions on materials, pricing, production, marketing and sales. Decisiveness is important because of the sense of urgency to get trendy products on shelves when demand is highest. Designers often must make immediate decisions while working on a new design or product.

Business-Minded

Design is a creative endeavor, but fashion designers typically operate a business or play an integral role in a company. A good designer also has a keen eye for business. Many designers do their own analyses and research to get a sense for what is happening in the industry. They analyze competitors to ensure differentiation. You must also have the ability to negotiate, manage budgets and set prices that generate profit, in many cases.

Saturday, April 5, 2014

Carpet Manufacturing

Carpet Since time immemorial, carpets and rugs have been a part of home. Apart from decorating, carpets give a style statement and add character to a room. They come in a wide range of styles, all of which have specific functionality. Carpets and Rugs are tender to feet and bring warmth to the whole atmosphere. Besides the aesthetic sense spread by the hand woven traditional carpets, there are modern contemporary carpets too, having such amazing properties, such as sound absorption.

Kids Clothing Manufacturing

Kids ClothingsFor a very long period of the human history, children wore what can be called smaller versions of adult clothing with only a minor differences that can save the kids from any hazard like strings in place of any harmful closure. It was not before early 1800s that specific kids clothing started to be manufactured. Several styles were developed that were meant only for children, such as sailor's suit and the hussar's or Eton jacket. Patterns for children's garments were now extensively made. Different sizes of kids clothing were also introduced. Sewing machine facilitated both, home made as well as factory made children's apparels.

Button Making Process

Buttons Textile is one of the earliest inventions of our civilization. As time passed by, fabrics got refined and many textile accessories too were invented for the comfort of using these fabrics in an effective way. As textile became a style and fashion statement from being a mere necessity, these simple accessories also got trendy. One of the good examples of such accessories is the commonly used fabric closure, the button.

Umbrella Making Process

UmbrellaThere are many products that use textile in a good measure. One of such textile products is the umbrella. An umbrella can be simply defined as a canopy for protection against rain, snow or sunlight. The term umbrella has been derived from the Latin word umbra which means "shade". Umbrellas are generally hand-held portable devices rendering fashion statement in some societies and used as an accessory in some other societies. However, some of these can be big enough that can be fixed to patio tables or other outdoor furniture. They are the 'Parasols', the term which is synonymously used for umbrellas as well. Parasols can be bigger as well as smaller but they are primarily meant for protection only against sun.

Polyester Manufacturing

Polyester Polyester fibers, the synthetic fibers, are long chain polymers derived from coal, air, water, and petroleum. They are formed through chemical reaction between an acid and alcohol. In this reaction, two or more molecules combine to make a large molecule whose structure repeats throughout its length. These molecules are very stable and strong. There are variations in the compositions and therefore in the properties of polyester fibers.

Printing Process

Printing Applying coloured patterns and designs to decorate a finished fabric is called 'Printing'. In a proper printed fabric, the colour is affixed to the fiber, so that it may not be affected by washing and friction. Whether a fabric is dyed or printed can be known by examining the outline of the design. On a printed fabric, the outline of a design is sharply defined on the outer side. The design generally do not penetrate to the back of the cloth. However, the design may show up on the reverse side of transparently thin fabrics. These fabrics may be confused with the woven designs where yarn dyed warp and filling are used. If the design is printed on such a fabric, the yarns will show some areas on which colour is not equally distributed.

Fabric Construction

Fabric Textiles are important for everyone. It is used for covering body, for warmth or coolness, personality enhancement and sometimes to display one's status in the society. From the wholesale textile manufacturer and merchant to the retailer and the end- user, the customer, everyone consumes textile. Not only those who are in this direct trade are related to this product but there are certain industries which are indirectly associated with textile. Automobile industry is a good example of this type of industry which uses textile in various forms. Others who use textile in one or the other form may include designers, interior decorators, craftspersons, advertisers using hoardings and banners, painters etc.

Manufacturing Process of Mattress

Mattress For a good night's sleep, the basic necessity remains that of a good quality mattress. The pre historic man used to pile up leaves, straws, and animal skin to sleep on. These can be called the earliest mattresses. With time, the material that was used to make the mattresses, changed to horse hair, cotton fiber and rags. In early nineteenth century, many small manufacturers started producing mattresses commercially. They used fabric remnants, discarded by tailors, as stuffings of their mattresses. In mid 19th century, a significant development was made in the form of mattresses with stabilized interior springs. The mattress got firm and resilient with a uniform texture all over. These innerspring mattresses used to be made by placing a set of uniform springs inside the layers of upholstery. After that mattresses just became popular so much so that today they are one of the most important home furnishings.

Manufacturing Process of Inflatable Boats

Inflatable Boats Inflatable boats have become very popular means of enjoying water sports and recreational boating activities. They are lightweight boats manufactured with their sides and bows made of flexible tubes having pressurized gas within them. They come in various sizes. In the boats that are longer than 3 meters (10 ft), the floor usually consists of 3 to 5 rigid plywood or aluminum sheets fixed between the tubes but not joined rigidly together. Some of the inflatable boats are portable and can be disassembled and packed into a small volume for easy storage. Such a boat, when inflated, is kept rigid crossways by a foldable removable thwart. It makes it appropriate to be used as life saving rafts for larger boats or aircraft, and for travel or recreational purposes.

Sewing Process

Industrial SewingThe basic process of sewing involves fastening of fabrics, leather, furs or similar other flexible materials with the help of needle and threads. Sewing is mainly used to manufacture clothing and home furnishings. In fact, sewing is one of the important processes in apparel making. Most of such industrial sewing is done by industrial sewing machines. The cut pieces of a garment are generally tacked, or temporarily stitched at the initial stage. The complex parts of the machine then pierces thread through the layers of the cloth and interlocks the thread.

Industrial Knitting Process

Industrial Knitting Process It is a known fact that the main material for fabric construction is yarn. Knitting is the second most frequently used method, after weaving, that turns yarns or threads into fabrics. It is a versatile technique that can make fabrics having various properties such as wrinkle-resistance, stretchability, better fit, particularly demanded due to the rising popularity of sports wear and casual wears. As of present day, knitted fabrics are used widely for making hosiery, underwears, sweaters, slacks, suits and coats apart from rugs and other home furnishings.

Weaving


Weaving Weaving is the most basic process in which two different sets of yarns or threads are interlaced with each other to form a fabric or cloth. One of these sets is called warp which is the lengthwise yarn running from the back to the front of the loom. The other set of crosswise yarns are the filling which are called the weft or the woof.

Fabric Painting

Fabric Painting Through the process of fabric painting, different fabrics such as apparel fabrics or home furnishing fabrics can be given a crafty look. In fact, it can also be used for embellishing finished garments such as t-shirt, pants, jeans, and jackets as also many other products like bags, pillows, or anything made up of fabrics just by adding designs and colors to them.

Glass Fiber Textile

Glass FiberGlass, with its glossy shine, attracts many. It has been put into many uses from being made into utensils, mirrors, windows, doors to furniture and artworks. Textile Industry too could not resist itself from the fatal attraction of glass. Although, hard and rigid by nature, glass can very well be made into fine, shiny and translucent fibers which more or less look and feel like silk fibers. These glass fibers are commonly known as fiberglass

Dyeing Process

DyesDyeing is the process of imparting colors to a textile material through a dye (colour). Dyes are obtained from flowers, nuts, berries and other forms of vegetables and plants as well as from animal and mineral sources. These are known as natural dyes.

The other class of dyes is known as synthetic dyes. These are based on a particular type of chemical composition. Some of these dyes are- Acid ( Anionic) dyes, Basic ( Cationic) dyes, Neutral- Premetalized dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, pigment dyes etc.

Manufacturing Process of Denim

Denim JacketsThe term "Denim" has originated from the city of Nimes in France where "serge de Nimes" was manufactured. Denim is made from a vat dye, the Indigo dye, which is applied to cotton fabric in loosely held form in layers. As far as manufacturing process of denim is concerned, it is similar to that of Grey fabric up to the process of weaving with the only difference that in case of Denim Fabric, it is dyed at the stage of sizing where as in case of Grey Fabric, the decision regarding dyeing stage depends upon the finished product..

Spandex Fiber and its Production Process

Spandex Fiber ManufacturingSpandex is a synthetic fiber that has an exceptional characteristic of elasticity due to which it is also known as elastane. It is lightweight, soft, strong and very stretchable. In fact, spandex fiber was developed as an alternative to rubber but has a better quality than it. The name Lycra has also come to be a synonymous of spandex. However, Lycra is the trademark brand but it has become so popular that all the varieties of spandex are popularly referred to as Lycra. Due to its durability and stretchability, spandex is mostly used to make sports wear and work wear, specially for factory workers. It wears like a second skin and for risk involved jobs like that of machine operators, Lycra clothing is like a boon.

The Manufacturing Process of Rayon

Rayon Fabric For a very long period of human history, man depended on natural elements to make fibers for clothing. These were natural fibers. However, with the technological advances many man made synthetic fibers were developed. Man-made fibers have two main categories: One that are made from natural products (cellulosic fibers) and the other that are synthesized from chemical compounds (noncellulosic polymer fibers). Rayon fiber is a natural-based material made from the cellulose of wood pulp or cotton fiber. In fact, they are made from reformed or regenerated cellulose. As such, they are identified as regenerated cellulose fibers.

Shoe Making- How Shoes are Made

Shoes Footwear can be defined as garments that are worn on the feet. There main purpose is protecting one's feet. Of late, footwear has become an important component of fashion accessories. Although, their basic purpose remains that of protection, adornment or defining style statement has become their additional and a significant function. There are many types of footwear- shoes, boots, sandals, slippers etc. They are further categorized into many more types.

Silk Manufacturing Process

Silk Fabric Silk is a natural protein fiber produced by certain caterpillars in order to encase themselves in the form of cocoons. The making of silk is different from that of other natural fibers. There are many steps involved in silk manufacturing

Making of Leather Fabric

Leather is a versatile fabric used in a variety of apparel and non- apparel
products. One cannot think of riding a bike without a leather jacket or leather pants combined with leather gloves on a cold wintry night. Ladies love to carry leather handbags and leather lingerie is fast becoming their hot favorites. Leather footwear, accessories like leather belts, wallets, leather upholstery for sofas, automobile seats, leather shields and weapon sheathes, engine gaskets and harnesses - the list can go on but the uses of leather can never said to have exaggerated. This now so common fabric called leather has a very complicated manufacturing process. Making of leather fabric is very different from that of other fabrics and its interesting to know this very ancient art of leather making which is being refined with time.